Veronica ( Very Easy Rodent- Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. The program downloaded the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) sites, creating a searchable database of file names however, Archie Search Engine did not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data was so limited it could be readily searched manually. It was created by Alan Emtage, computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The name stands for "archive" without the "v". The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the Internet was Archie. On the NCSA site, new servers were announced under the title "What's New!". One snapshot of the list in 1992 remains, but as more and more web servers went online the central list could no longer keep up.
There was a list of webservers edited by Tim Berners-Lee and hosted on the CERN webserver. Prior to September 1993, the World Wide Web was entirely indexed by hand. The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files, was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990. The first internet search engines predate the debut of the Web in December 1990: WHOIS user search dates back to 1982, and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989. Link analysis would eventually become a crucial component of search engines through algorithms such as Hyper Search and PageRank. Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to )Ī system for locating published information intended to overcome the ever increasing difficulty of locating information in ever-growing centralized indices of scientific work was described in 1945 by Vannevar Bush, who wrote an article in The Atlantic Monthly titled " As We May Think" in which he envisioned libraries of research with connected annotations not unlike modern hyperlinks. Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000
Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!
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Further information: Timeline of web search engines Timeline ( full list)Īctive, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory
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